Stress and Threats of Terrorism an Example by

Stress and Threats of Terrorism by Expert Marvelous | 28 Dec 2016 As we as a whole know, psychological oppression is in no way, shape or form new marvel, as it originally showed up with the beginning of the written history of the mankind. In any case, with the improvement of the new advances, for example, logical, social and efficient, psychological warfare got a chance to raise and grow the circle of its office. Psychological oppression is something in excess of a typical wrongdoing, whichs tended to against a specific individual, or a gathering of individuals. Need article test on Stress and Threats of Terrorism point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue Sri Lankan previous Foreign Minister, Lakshman Kadirgamar noticed that: the fear based oppressor act is viewed as an assault on society overall, on equitable establishments. A fear based oppressor assault is a demonstration of war against society. That is the reason the ongoing lift in the improvement of fear mongering inconveniences both the legislators and the standard residents. These days most psychological oppressor associations have their underlying foundations in the nations, where the strict convictions are exceptionally solid, with the goal that the basic residents, when called up to guard and advance their strict perspectives, answer this call promptly. One of the distinctive highlights of the contemporary psychological warfare is that its inexorably strict in nature. The pioneers of the fear monger associations, who pursue their own objectives, for example, to fulfill their draw for influence, or individual improvement, needed to build up an inspiration to enroll the basic individuals to their associations, the individuals who might achieve all the grimy work. Different explores consider the conviction frameworks of the psychological oppressors to be the purpose behind their office. Martha Crenshaw noticed that the psychological militants activities depend on the emotional understanding of the encompassing scene, whichs directed by their strict convictions. Rex A. Hudson, the creator of the report committed to the humanism and brain research of fear based oppression, takes note of that the conviction frameworks of the psychological militants are shaped from the social customs of their general public, their political and social condition and the inward elements of their stealthy gatherings. He likewise expresses that paying little mind to the reality, that their activities frequently appear to be whimsical and silly to the individuals from different social orders, the psychological militants may in any case demonstration reasonably in their responsibility to following up on their feelings. There are numerous theories on why Muslims become fear based oppressors. The writer of the article in Psychology Today that manages the wonder of self destruction psychological oppression proposes that youngsters become fear mongers in view of the depression and dread. The creator likewise takes note of that one fourth of Palestinians, the inhabitants of the nation from which bunches of psychological oppressors develop, are clinically discouraged. They don't have any point in life with the exception of battling, as there are no open doors for them in their nation demolished by the consistent wars. Before the ongoing improvement of psychological militant development happened, those hoodlums had never had an entrance to the WMDs, as those were little gatherings, supported by some rich devotees or associations. These days, the size of terroristic development has expanded significantly, as they frequently get cash and backing straightforwardly from the legislatures of certain nations, either Muslim or not. Loads of lawmakers are certain that the fear based oppressors have an entrance to the weapon of mass devastation, however they either are hesitant to utilize it or trust that an appropriate second will do it. The mishap which occurred in Jordan, April 2004, when the Al Qaeda endeavored to devastate the Jordan government and execute 80 thousand individuals with the substance weapon, demonstrates that the psychological militants have the WMDs and are prepared to utilize it. Fortunately, their endeavor fizzled, yet who knows, regardless of whether the counterterrorist will be effective next time. The writers of the book Countering the New Terrorism express that the inspirations for the fear mongers wont change during the data age, yet the techniques utilized by them to devastate their adversaries will. Psychological oppressors will utilize the new chances, gave to them by the recently evolved instructive advancements. These days, along with the physical decimation of the adversary they start to destruct the educational frameworks of the restricting nations. Not to sound bare, lets review The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams (LTTE) endeavors to disturb the E-mail correspondence frameworks of the Sri Lanka Government offices, which occurred in 1998. Aside from the despondency and pity the occasions of 11 September brought to a huge number of American individuals, it has likewise allowed the U.S residents the understanding that they are undependable living in disengagement from the issues different nations experience. American government had consistently had zero resilience approach towards psychological oppression, yet after the 9/11 a considerable lot of the legislators and the conventional residents comprehended that the U.S government needed to act significantly more seriously to forestall other terroristic acts both on its region and around the world. Martin A. Kalis in his article A New Approach to International Terrorism depicts the four primary standards of U.S strategy towards psychological oppression. Those are: a). hit no arrangements with the fear based oppressors; b). carry them to equity for their violations; c). seclude and apply pressure on states that support fear based oppression, to make them change their arrangements; d). support the counterterrorism abilities of those nations that work with the United States and need help. Fear based oppression is a horrible danger to the life of individuals around the world. Living in consistent dread that one, or his kids, companions or family members can turn into the survivors of the strict fan is distressing and stressing. This is the reason measures ought to be taken to take out fear based oppression as opposed to attempting to speak with the pioneers of the psychological oppressor development. The experience demonstrates that strict aficionados are practically difficult to speak with, as they are unequipped for settling. In a similar time measures ought to be taken for to forestall the development of new psychological militant gatherings. As the exploration appeared, usually youngsters become psychological militants as they don't have any viewpoints in their nations destructed by war. To forestall further fortifying of fear based oppression the states of life ought to be changed in the Arabic and Asian nations to take out the explanations behind which psychological militants show up. Tragically, at some point or another all the individuals pass on, and the fear based oppressors are not a special case from this standard. Their gatherings proceed with their organization in light of the fact that consistently new youngsters go along with them. In the event that the U.S counterterrorist associations would figure out how to ceil the progression of the youths to the fear based oppressor associations, than the psychological warfare would be vanquished. It very well may be practiced by the purposeful publicity of the Western way of life among the Muslim kids and adolescents, arranging scholastic and social trades to make them see that Westerners are the typical individuals, with their standards and qualities, in a similar time separate to the good and strict estimations of others. Psychological warfare is an exceptionally distressing marvel, as it makes individuals live in consistent dread for their companions and friends and family. It ought to be dispensed with for to carry harmony into the contemporary world. The war with psychological warfare isn't simple or speedy one. It requests bunches of time and solidarity to achieve, however the outcomes, which are the security of our youngsters and friends and family, and a large number of individuals around the world, are justified, despite all the trouble. References Regal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London. (1998) Global Terrorism, Lecture. by Lakshman Kadirgamar. Recovered February 14, 2005 Crenshaw, Martha. (1992). Ebb and flow Research on Terrorism: The Academic Perspective. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 1-11. Lesser, Ian, Hoffman, B, Ronfelt, D, Zanini, M, Arquilla, J. (1999). Countering the New Terrorism. RAND Corporation. Kalis, Martin. (2001). A New Approach to International Terrorism. Worldwide Affairs Review. Vol .10, Num 2. Hudson, Rex. (1999). The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?. Government Research pision, Library of Congress. Recovered February 14, 2005 http://www.fas.org/irp/danger/frd.html Perina, K. (2002). Self destruction fear mongering: looking for intentions past dysfunctional behavior. Brain research Today, 35 (5), p.15

Rates of reaction experiments Essay Example for Free

Paces of response tests Essay I was intending to watch every response for 10 minutes and had the option to do so on the grounds that the responses began getting delayed sooner or later I had a couple of issues during my trial. The size of the chips was not the very same, each gathering was comprised of chips of roughly equivalent sizes and this isn't actually exact. In mixing the trial we must be cautious about blending it equally and not disturbing the response. The trial could have been improved in different manners. Utilizing dabs of limestone can tackle the issue of inconsistent size of particles. Utilizing an attractive stirrer can be utilized take care of the issue of lopsided blending of reactants. The utilization of a progressively exact scale helps in taking care of the issue of perusing off estimations from the estimating chamber. Drawing the bends of best fit was a precise advance I took. My diagrams helped in demonstrating my point, An unmistakable pattern is appeared in the chart as plainly show that little particles respond quicker than huge particles. I was keen on this trial when I previously began. I was keen on observing changes in the reactants toward the finish of the response. I was fulfilled when I discovered that my forecasts were right. The impact of fixation on Rate of Reaction Aim In this analysis my point is to see if pace of response increments when focus in a response is expanded. Word condition Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Chloride + Sulfur Oxide + Water + Sulfur Chemical equation Na2S203(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + H2O(l) + S(s) This response for the most part delivers a white hasten, which is the Sulfur and a foul smell, which is the sodium chloride. Two primary components are required in this response for it to succeed. The primary, being that the reactant particles must meet and impact. On the off chance that no crashes occur, at that point the response can't occur. Furthermore the response must have enough vitality to frame an item. The enactment vitality is the most least measure of vitality that is required for an item to be framed. When the arrangement has become absolutely misty the response is finished. This implies all the reactant has been spent and the response is finished. We can see this if a bit of card with a cross on it is set under the cone shaped cup. When the cross is totally darkened from vision, if glancing through the funnel shaped cup to the base, the response has occurred. The time it takes for this to happen is estimated as the pace of response. Motivation behind this analysis The reason for this trial is to record to what extent it takes for the cross under the tapered jar to vanish under various fixations. We have picked sodium thiosulphate to use in various focuses from a scope of 10 ml to 40 ml. I accept 4 focuses will be an adequate sum albeit more can be taken to promote the examination Apparatus required for this trial are: Conical Flask stopwatch White tile set apart With X . Concoction required for the test are: 1) Sodium thiosulphate 2) Water (refined) 3) Hydrochloric Acid Fair test I should maintain in control to get right outcomes and to do this I have to remember a rundown of factors, which are: The temperature of mechanical assembly ought not change Try to control the surface zone of the response Try and judge precisely when the X mark is vanishing Fixed measure of Sodium thiosulphate and water ought to be included Prediction I anticipate that when the convergence of the corrosive is raised, the pace of the response will increment. This is on the grounds that, when the convergence of corrosive is higher, increasingly corrosive particles are available in a given volume of the arrangement, consequently, progressively corrosive particles are accessible to slam into HCl particles. This subsequently builds the odds of fruitful crashes (those subsequent in a response) happening. As the crash hypothesis expresses, the more impacts that happen in a timeframe, the quicker the pace of the response. This is on the grounds that the response possibly happens when Hydrochloric corrosive and Sodium thiosulphate particles impact each other Safety. As wellbeing is the main need in this examination, numerous security safeguards were taken to make it as sheltered as possibleâ Goggles were worn to ensure that eyes were protected.â Hair and free gems were tied up.â A safe far off was kept if there should be an occurrence of any spillages.â Any spillages on garments and skin were flushed altogether right away. Any spillages on work surfaces and on the floor were wiped up with a soggy paper towel. As Sulfur Dioxide can have all the earmarks of being a risky gas, windows and entryways were opened to keep most extreme ventilation in the room. Strategy 40 ml of Sodium thiosulphate ought to be poured in the flagon Then 10 ml of HCl ought to be filled another jar 10 ml of refined water ought to be poured onto another jar Put a tile containing a X mark under the sodium thiosulphate jar Then blend all these 3 synthetic compounds into one, for example, pour the 10 ml of water and 10 ml of HCl onto the carafe containing sodium thiosulphate. When the response begins put the stopwatch on After we saw the response between began framing white accelerate which made the X mark look dimmer and dimmer to at long last no X mark. When the X mark isn't seeable stop the stopwatch and record the time Everytime we finish a response we needed to utilize another cup Everytime we start another response the centralization of sodium thiosulphate we decline it by 10 ml and increment water by 10 ml During the analyses the measure of |Hydrochloric corrosive consistently continues as before at 10 ml The means are the equivalent for each new response on this examination whether if the focus even changes Preliminary work Before leading a genuine test I will do a Preliminary test to look at whether the investigation will work. I have utilized a similar technique as appeared above and postulations are the outcomes I got Volume of sodium thiosulphate (ml) water (ml) Hydrochloric corrosive (ml) Time it takes for X to disappear 3secs Experiment chart Results The table beneath shows the aftereffects of my genuine investigation. The analysis was accomplished for multiple times to get the normal time taken which can make it much progressively exact Na2S2O3 (Ml) H2O (Ml) Volume of HCl (Ml) Trial 1 Time taken (Seconds) Trial 2 Time taken (Seconds) Trial 3. Time taken (Seconds) Average Time taken (Seconds) 40 ml 10 ml 10 mlâ 000 Conclusion After leading my examination and keeping in mind that taking a gander at my outcomes I feel that my forecasts were genuine on the grounds that I anticipated that when the focus is high the response will be quick contrasted with the response with less fixation and same in my outcome I saw when sodium thiosulphate is 40 ml and water is 10ml the response takes 48. 83 seconds yet when water is at 40 ml and sodium thiosulphate is at 10 ml the response takes 194. 00 seconds Analysis As you can see from the outcomes in the segment previously, the charts and chronicles obviously show that the focus affects the pace of the response. As the fixation expands, the pace of response accelerates too. The accompanying diagrams unmistakably express that where the sodium thiosulphate was generally weaken, and was at the grouping of 10ml, the pace of response took the longest all things considered and in each investigation taken. The diagrams additionally show that the pace of response happened the fastest when the Na2S203 was at its most elevated fixation. As should be obvious in the chart, the diagram takes a negative relationship in structure. The pace of response time begins most elevated on account of the low fixation. As the reactant particles are further separated and there are more observer particles present, hindering the response. These particles don't participate in the response however can back it off as the do go about as an obstacle. This makes it hard fro impacts to occur. This keeps the response from happening rapidly and prevents the item from shaping rapidly. As the focus gradually builds, the quantity of observer particles diminishes in a similar given volume, which in the examination is 10cm3. This makes it more probable and simpler for impacts to really happen. This being all things considered, it implies that the response happens snappier thus the items are framed faster too. Despite the fact that the paces of response for the various fixations were all totally different, the cross on the card in the end vanished in each test. The cross didn't generally vanish however. This is only an expression utilized. What truly happened was that the strong Sulfur that is framed as a hasten of the responses, shields our view and it is a murky substance. The Sulfur is a smooth yellow shading and can be seen when exhausting out the substance of the cone shaped jar. It once in a while can leave a buildup within the flagon. The pace of response additionally relies upon how rapidly all the Sulfur is framed as a finished result. This can be subject to the fixation too. On the off chance that there are more particles in a given volume there will be more iotas that need to attach to make the item. Point My focus on this coursework is see whether pace of a compound response is influenced by the expansion of an impetus in the response How an impetus functions There are numerous manners by which we can accelerate the pace of responses. An impetus can either increment or lessening the pace of response. A positive impetus brings down enactment vitality. The particles, in this manner, need less vitality to respond and the procedure continues all the more rapidly. A negative impetus (an inhibitor) hinders the pace of a concoction response by doing the specific inverse. In any case, understand that the impetus itself doesn't happen in the response and it is, in this way, not spent in the response. The following is a vitality chart indicating the nearness of an impetus. The chart shows the impact of a positive impetus on the enactment vitality. At the point when you utilize an impetus, there is as much impetus toward the finish of the response a

How to Write an Expository Essay

How to Write an Expository Essay Modern students have many written assignments to do because this type of tasks helps to evaluate students knowledge of a subject and improve their creative thinking and writing skills. There are many different kinds of compositions, and an expository essay is one of them. What is a expository essay? Expository essay definition says that it is a kind of writing that explains a particular topic to the audience. So, according to the expository essay definition, one can clearly understand that the most important components of good expository essay writing are: A controversial topic to highlight. A concise and defined thesis statement to be explained. These components are necessary if you want to make your explanative composition perfect. Expository Essay Ideas Do you have any difficulties with papers’ creation? Our recommendations will help you to cope with the task easily and quickly. So, here is the enumeration of necessary steps to create the elucidative composition: Select a topic. Don’t know how to start an expository essay? As well as each piece of writing, this kind of composition starts from choosing a topic. The subject should be very debatable and narrow enough, and should also be suitable for your assignment given by your professor. So, if you have no ideas what topic to choose, you may apply these two techniques: Brainstorming. Try to improve your creativity by using this method because it can help you practically in each situation. You should think out at least ten topics for your future paper. The more, the better! Then, choose only one, which you like the most. Free writing. It is a kind of continuation of the previous method when you just take a sheet of paper and start writing everything that is coming to your head at this moment. With the help of this very method, you may find some interesting subjects to speak about, and then you may easily blot out the beginning of the text with full, undiluted nonsense. Create a thesis sentence. As you remember, the thesis sentence for this task must be clear and concise. It is the sentence that will clearly define the idea and the subject of the text, the so-called basis of your work that you should explain by suitable arguments and your own point of view. In terms of structure, it is important to give the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph of the paper. Select a method of development. There are several various methods to do the assignment of such kind. They are: Definition. Using this method, you will explain something by giving different definitions connected with the topic. Example. This technique is more persuasive than the first one because here you should show several typical examples of the explained phenomenon. Compare and contrast. This method is the simplest one because it is easier to elucidate some event by comparing it with something else. Cause and effect. This way is similar to the previous one, but you should just show the connection between causes and effects without any comparison. Classification. This way helps to elucidate some events by classifying them into different groups. Process analysis. This is one of the simplest and the most persuasive techniques to use for the explanation of various phenomena. Organize the essay. Dont forget that as well as other tasks, your paper must have the introductory part, the body paragraphs, and the conclusion. You should give your thesis statement in the introduction because, further on, you will give different arguments to explicate your idea. Make topics sentences. Topic sentences will be the bricks for your future body paragraphs. Don’t forget that they must directly relate to the thesis statement of your work and support the standpoint. Note down the body. Make the body paragraphs of your composition. Such kind of paper, as well as others, has the five-paragraph structure with one paragraph to introduce the idea, three items to give different arguments, and one to conclude the paper. Dont forget to place the arguments supporting your idea in the right order: from the strongest to the weakest ones. Create the introduction. Sometimes it is very difficult to write the text from the beginning to the end, so it can be better to make body paragraphs first and then, when you will have a clear understanding of the main part of your composition, write the introduction itself. The introduction should contain the thesis statement, introduce the division of main parts of the text, and attract readers’ attention. Make the conclusion. The final part should stress the thesis statement once again and give the summary of your explanation that was proved by various evidence, which was given by you in the main part of the writing piece. Avoid adding any new information in the final part, because it should be clear and precise as well as other parts. So, try to make the last part efficient. Revise the composition. Revision is one of essential parts of the work if you want to have a good mark for the assignment. So, making the revision, you have an excellent opportunity to re-build and modify your composition to make it better. Mind the following points: Does the text have a good structure? Do all paragraphs look like finished pieces of text? Do you use necessary transitions between different parts of the work? Do you avoid going into unnecessary details and losing the focus of the text? Edit the text. Dont forget about another important part of perfect composition creation â€" proofreading. Check spelling and comma use throughout the work; it would not go amiss. It is good to do it the next morning after you finish the writing itself, but you should have enough time for it, so dont procrastinate and try to organize the work in order to have a possibility to look through the text with a fresh eye. Mind the format. The layout of the paper itself is also very important if you want to have a good mark. The expository essay format usually meets the requirements of the Modern Language Association (MLA). Thus, mind the following recommendations while typing: Font. You should use 12-point Times New Roman font. Such font is a globally accepted standard of formatting the academic writing works. Margins. Apply one-inch margin for all sides of the document. Alignment. Use alignment at the left margin. To do it, choose the function Align Left. Spaces. The whole text must be typed double-spaced. Be attentive: there must be no extra spaces. Some students have troubles with structure of their texts, others don’t know how to start or to finish work on the written assignment, but following our simple tips on expository essay writing, you will be able to create one of the best written tasks you have ever had. As a result, you will never have any difficulties with explanatory texts’ creation. So, do you want to have good marks? Use our recommendations and enjoy your student life!

Analysis Of The Movie Pocahontas - 1127 Words

If anyone has heard of the name John Smith, then the movie Pocahontas probably comes to mind. Those who know about the movie are familiar with the fact that he plays as the love of Pocahontas’s life. In reality, that was not all that he was. Captain John Smith lived from January 9, 1580 to June, 1631. After a merchant’s apprenticeship, Smith was determined to live a life of combat and serve with the English Army abroad. At work as a soldier for hire, Smith ultimately embarked on a campaign against the Turks in Hungary, where he was captured and enslaved. He was sent to what is now Istanbul and served a tenderhearted mistress who did not want Smith to be her slave, which led to being sent to her brother’s home, where he was to do involuntary farm work. After receiving harsh behavior from his master, Smith murdered him and got away, eventually returning to England in the early 1600s. He was an English explorer and soldier, and one of the founders of the Jam estown, Virginia, settlement. 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Culture The Minds Eye What The Blind See - 1691 Words

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In the essay â€Å"The Eye s of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses†, Juhani Pallasmaa focuses on the exploration of the senses and how they interact with one another. We also see his discussion on how vision can affect the human experience. The more visually capable we are, the more we begin toRead MoreJane Eyre s Life Was Full Of Oppression, Neglect And Sorrow1498 Words   |  6 Pagesinequality in the Victorian era. Ever since she was a child, Jane had always been outspoken and opinionated. Even though these two characteristics were not seen to be fit for a girl or women, Jane always had the confidence to do the opposite of what was expected of her. An example of this is in the beginning of the novel, when Jane fights back to her brutal cousin John Reed. John was a bully to Jane and in one specific scene, he calls her a rat and mocks her for being an orphan. He throws a bookRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesset forth by authorities inadvertently transform an individual’s reality into an unoriginal, predetermined reality. In other words, there is an infinite number of aesthetically eccentric views, but we are given binoculars to only focus on what others want us to see. Unfortunately, these societal interferences are nearly unavoidable. Cathy Davidson’s essay, â€Å"Project Classroom Makeover,† presents how the enforcement of munda ne standardization in American education systems leads to the decrease of originalRead More Invisible Race and Gender in Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison2385 Words   |  10 Pagesnarrator’s encounters with them. One of the major motifs in Invisible Man is blindness. The first time we’re shown blindness in the novel is at the battle royal. The blindfolds that all of the contestants wear symbolize how the black society is blind to the way white society is still belittling them, despite the abolishment of slavery. When he arrives at the battle, the narrator says â€Å"I was told that since I was to be there anyway I might as well take part in the battle royal to be fought by someRead MoreA Simple Heart: Gustave Flauberts Story of an Arrested Life1392 Words   |  6 Pagesfor her at first he instructs her to forget what happened, but when he put his left arm around her waist while they sauntered along she does not protest (Flaubert 2). Contrary to the heroines of some romantic novels, Felicite does not become a fallen woman, but she seems naÃÆ' ¯ve about her prospects regarding marriage to a more wealthy young man and becomes over-invested in the relationship. In this incident, Flaub ert suggests that Felicite perceived what could be her one source of happiness. However

The Theory of Michelangelo’s Architecture Free Essays

Michelangelo’s architecture was revolutionary to say the least when observed against the backdrop of the then accepted norms in architecture and arts in general. During his time, architects usually think of architecture and arts in universal terms as seeing the works per se as composed of mathematical numbers (measurements) or geometry. Artists of the Renaissance period expressed their arts in more commonly in abstract forms. We will write a custom essay sample on The Theory of Michelangelo’s Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Michelangelo, on the other hand, feels, sees, and would interact with his art as though it is an animated thing (p 38). Indeed, it is enlightening to approach a structural design through the lenses of such a genius as the Master. It is important to get enough acquaintance with the anatomy of the whole thing. For Michelangelo, the building is not just a building, but like the human body, it lives and breathes; therefore he could look at a structure and see every part of it as having its unique and special function – as nose, eyes, arms, and other parts of the body have their own special purposes for the proper functioning of the whole physique to the full benefit of the man. While the writers of medieval times would draw their ideas of architectural outline from the human anatomy, most of them do not conceive of the body as a life form. When drawing from the human body any architectural ideas, the assumed perception is that the body is a miniature of the universe with all its parts functioning in perfect harmony. This perfect synchronization though, according to the prevailing notions of the artists of those days, could not be achieved practically since – according to them – it was only an ideal and therefore could not be possibly realized in actuality. Hence, the use of numbers and measurements – in short, geometrical approach. For example, one can just look at the available models, such as those crafted by Francisco Di Giorgio (ideal church plan p. 39), and Cesariano (the Vitruvian Figure, 1521 p 40). The said models, as can be observed, are both replicas of the human body. These architectural designs were common in medieval period. Michelangelo’s attitude was somewhat off tangent when compared to his peers. Indeed, he was different and was very free in terms of his individuality, especially as it was applied to his works. Whereas his contemporaries have chosen to settle for the perfections of mathematical figures/measurements, Michelangelo argued for (as attested in his works) the â€Å"motions† and the â€Å"emotions. For Michelangelo, everything from the observer to the object – including the vast backdrop of the surroundings – are all interconnected, that when an artist sets himself to plan a building, he should consider the presumed interplay between the object (the architectural design of the building), its backdrop (the environment), and the observer. Remember, the structural design for Michelangelo was a dynamic thing which exerts its influence to the observers. How to cite The Theory of Michelangelo’s Architecture, Papers

Zip Car Performance Analysis free essay sample

Zipcar is expanding rapidly since it was established in 2000. According to its latest 8-k form, for the 2012 first quarter, revenue increased 20% to $59. 1 million compared to $49. 1 million in the prior year period. Revenue growth resulted primarily from a 23% year-over-year increase in membership to more than 709,000 members at quarter end. But does it really have a sustainable growth to support its expanding and operation? We implement a rough accounting and financial analysis to evaluate its performance and forecast its future. Due to the high fleet cost and Selling, General and Administrative cost, Zipcar never achieved a net profit in its history. It had a net margin as (7. 5%) in 2010 and (2. 9%) in 2011, the trend is positive, showing the management’s effort to increase the revenue and decrease expenses. For the effectiveness of utilizing the assets, Zipcar achieved its asset turnover rate as 7. 0% in 2011, compared to 7. 5% in 2010. This down trend can also showed as Zipcar’s revenue per member went from $429 in 2009 to 2 in 2011. We will write a custom essay sample on Zip Car Performance Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This may results from the average 20% growth rate of members, and most of the new members did not use the hourly service as much as the old members. For the leverage, it was 4. 15 in 2010 and 1. 17 in2011, the result is positive, and showing that Zipcar’s strategy on decreasing financing cost on acquiring and maintaining the large scale of vehicles (Cut down on loan and acquire vehicles through Assets Backed Securities (ABS) Facility) has been working. For the Return of Equity, even though it is still negative as (2. 4%) at the end of 2011, its loss on equity decreased almost 90% from 23. % in 2010. The investors may see it as a positive signal that Zipcar did its best to increase its profitability, and It implies a possibility that Zipcar may achieve other analyst’ estimated 2 million net incomes at the end of FY 2012.   Since Zipcar’s core business is providing â€Å"wheels when people want them†, there are two factors determining the revenue of Zipcar, revenue per member and number of its membership. From the Exhibit1, Average revenue per member decreased from $410 in 2008 to $360 in 2011. Going forward, revenue per member will continue to see further declines as membership grows. We assume that 2012 will have the same downside rate as 2011, (2. 5%). In this way, the average revenue per member will reach around $351 for 2012. For the growth of members, Zipcar has 0. 54 million members in 2010 and 0. 67 million members in 2011, with a growth rate of over 24%. But the latest 8-K form shows a growth rate of 23%, so we estimate the growth rate of membership in 2012 is the same as the first quarter, and the total members of Zipcar will be 0. 824 million. With the estimated revenue per member, we will have estimated revenue as $289. 22 million. Be conservatively, we assume Zipcar hold the same profitability as 2011, the estimated loss will be $2. 1 million for 2012, increased from $1. 953 million in 2011(Exhibit 2). From the financial perspective, we use the PB ratio and PE ratio to estimate its growth rate. In the assumption, we use the 10-year Treasury bond rate as Risk Free rate as 1. 89%. For the equity risk premium, forward looking approaches, as well as more recent historical data, suggest an equity risk premium in the 3 to 5 percent range. So we choose 3. 2% in this case. What’s more, we get the Beta as 0. 102 by using last one year’s monthly data of Zipcar’s historical price and the NASDAQ-100 stock index (Exhibit 3). In this way, from Exhibit 4, we get estimated growth rate from PB ratio as 6. 9%, estimated growth from PE ratio as 4. 5% and sustainable growth rate of (12. 9)%. These numbers support our forecast in accordance with the accounting data. Zipcar do have to solve its problem of cost management in operation and financing activities. On the other hand, the stock price of Zipcar plunges since the beginning of 2012, reflect the investors’ negative expectation for the value of the company, considering the increasing fuel expense and appeals of buying a new car with huge cash discount from dealers and manufacturers and so on. Zipcar must provide solid performance, improved profitability of company, growth of memberships, a variety of new services and reasonable dividend policy in the future, to attract investors to buy in their stocks.

Psychology and serial killers essays

Psychology and serial killers essays Psychology deals with many aspects in the world that surrounds us. When discovering the core of Psychology you get to see inside of many things that are of interest to us such as the criminal mind. Even though its very vivid; the mind of a serial killer is very mysterious in the way that so many people would like to read their mind to know whats exactly going on. I find it interesting to find out what makes them tick and finally snap and act in the violent behavior they do. I feel as if scientist could study their brains it would help to see whats really going on in this persons head or if theres nothing wrong with them and its just something they find "exciting." The courts do not allow this though and until then I guess we will never find out. Some people say that you can pick out serial killers by some of their actions from when they were younger. A study(1) involving 36 incarcerated serial killers was tested and they collected a lot of data on childhood behavior traits among serial killers. Out of the 36 men, 28 said they daydreamed a lot, had compulsive masturbation, and were in constant isolation. These are the top three common behaviors. Some of their childhood characteristics are a history of sexual and physical abuse before childhood, in  ½ the serial killers families the biological father had left before the child was 12, as well as delinquent acts such as theft, cruelty to animals, and pyromania. There is also a common stereotype of a serial killer. They are said to be a white male between the age of 25-35 years old, of low or high income, average to high intelligence, and they are usually married with children and a career. Unlike mass murderers, serial killers select their victim. Serial killers enjoy their victims to suffer extensively. They will fantasize about the murder until them fantasying no longer brings pleasure and they carry out the act being...

20 Quotations About Young Love

20 Quotations About Young Love Young love- so naive, so immature, so unsophisticated, yet ever so charming! Every generation warns the next of the heartaches and the heartbreaks that come with this love, yet, each generation is eager to experience it. Authors have tried to express the happy occurrence that we call young love. Here are some such young love quotes. Margaret Atwood, The Blind Assassin: A Novel The young habitually mistake lust for love, theyre infested with idealism of all kinds. Richard Dahm, The Middle, episode: A Tough Pill to Swallow, 2016, Frankie Heck Wind power, water power, coal power- how great would it be if you could harness the power of a young man in love? Criss Jami,  Killosophy â€Å"Its a good sign but rare instance when, in a relationship, you find that the more you learn about the other person, the more you continue to desire them. A sturdy bond delights in that degree of youthful intrigue. Love loves its youth.†Ã‚   Ta-Nehisi Coates â€Å"What I am telling you is that you do not need to know to love, and it is right that you feel it all in any moment. And it is right that you see it through- that you are amazed, then curious, then belligerent, then heartbroken, then numb. You have the right to all of it.† Alessandra Torre,  The Ghostwriter â€Å"There is nothing like young love. It comes at a time before the heart knows to protect itself, when everything important is raw and exposed- the perfect environment for a soul-sucking, heart-crushing burst.†Paige P. Horne,  If Id Known Young love is like a raging fire that cant be tamed. Its addictive and borderline obsessive. Satisfying in every way, yet never getting enough. Im the flames, and hes the fuel keeping me burning. We are perfect.† Liz Thebart,  Walk Away   â€Å"Beginnings are easy, but after that, happiness takes some work.†Ã‚   Eoin Colfer,  Airman â€Å"Young love is common, but that doesnt mean its not precious.†Muse, â€Å"Lollypopthe passion contained merely kissesplaced upon lips, neck and cheekthese young lovers of the castleof which our fairytale speaks†Ã‚   Justin Go,  The Steady Running of the Hour â€Å"It didnt matter. I was young and we were together.† Daphne du Maurier,  Rebecca   â€Å"I am glad it cannot happen twice, the fever of first love. For it is a fever, and a burden, too, whatever the poets may say. They are not brave, the days when we are twenty-one. They are so full of little cowardices, little fears without foundation, and one is so easily bruised, so swiftly wounded, one falls to the first barbed word.† William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, Romeo Ah me! how sweet is love itself possessd,When but loves shadows are so rich in joy! A.P.,  Sabine   You must ask the young if you want to know what love is. Only they are deep enough in it to describe. We older ones have clues and simulacra, we base our judgment, like pathologists do, on the dents and scars and sediments of hearts long kept in formaldehyde. It is the pulsing heart you want to probe: the pulsing, beating, leaping, dipping, fluttering heart of a seventeen-year-old.†Ã‚   Chang-rae Lee,  On Such a Full Sea â€Å"For no matter the shadows of an age, the picture of a young couple in love, we are told, speaks most luminously of the future, as the span of that passion makes us believe we can overleap any walls, obliterate whatever obstacles.†Ã‚   Benjamin DisraeliThe magic of first love is our ignorance that it can ever end. Maya AngelouThe loss of young first love is so painful that it borders on the ludicrous. Nicholas Sparks Theres no love like the first.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anonymous When a man is in love for the first time he thinks he invented it. Lang Leav,  Sad Girls Your first love isnt the first person you give your heart to―its the first one who breaks it. George Bernard Shaw First love is only a little foolishness and a lot of curiosity.

Assignment#7 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment#7 - Case Study Example On the other hand, nations also owe a similar responsibility to their citizens and, in addition, they also have the onus to ensure their well being. In immigration cases, the judges consider a lot of aspects and prescribe â€Å"excessively high standard of proof† of persecution from the asylum seekers before deciding their cases (p.236). In this context, it becomes relevant that such immigrants often may not be in a position to fulfill the demands of the host nations. From the instances of the application of inconsistent regulations as well as the lack of â€Å"objective human rights assessments† while deciding immigration cases, it transpires that there is an element of bias prevailing among some of the judges (p.236). Due to their lack of adequate insight into the socio-political situations in the refugees’ homelands, these judges downplay their â€Å"likelihood of prosecution† (p.236). This may, perhaps, be the reason for the large volume of cases pending in various immigration courts. On the other hand, evidence also suggests to the pendency of a large number of social security adjudications in the country. On a surface level, since the government of a nation has an obligation to ensure the welfare of its citizens, it may appear that social security of own people deserves precedence over the rights of the people from other countries. However, this issue needs to be understood and explored on a deeper level. Asylum seekers are usually people who have no alternative other than seek refuge in an alien country because of turmoil and possible persecution in their nation of origin. In this regard, it needs to be appreciated that in normal circumstances, unless there is threat to a person’s value and belief systems, he or she may not want to abandon the homeland. Thus, it becomes evident that asylum seekers are leaving their countries due to the obvious threat to or violation of their human rights. On the other hand, the question of social security

Evolving Practice of Nursing Delivery Models Assignment

Evolving Practice of Nursing Delivery Models - Assignment Example The associated programs pertinent to health care reform are inclusive of accountable care organizations (ACOs), nurse-managed health clinics, and primary care medical homes. Through expansion of the overall reach of insurance coverage, there is increased placement of greater demands on the prevailing primary care system present. Furthermore, through investment in the overall expansion of HIT – interoperable health information technology platforms – that critical implementation of system reforms can be effectively achieved (The NAP, 2011). This is not only vital in localized settings, but more so in terms of the spurred growth of community-wide exchange of information, as projected by the IOM and RWJF (2012). This has great potential of changing in profound ways, the scope, skill-mix (expertise) and distribution of nursing practice. Accordingly, the reformation within the health care delivery system foretells a number of crucial inputs by the nursing profession. These in clude: changes in the demand for RNs service provision, and the effective positioning of the nursing profession towards effectively responding to the reforms made. Furthermore, is the crucial role-play the profession has in regard to effecting a positive post-reform healthcare environment. The pertinent health reform legislation, augmented by other relevant policy initiatives, reveals a range of provisions and programs. These call upon the need for re-organization of not only the workforce responsible (in terms of delivery).

Perceptions of Mental Illness Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Perceptions of Mental Illness Throughout this course, much of what we have discussed has depended strongly on an interpretation of scientific information. We have questioned, criticized, accepted, rejected, and formed our own ideas about topics in neural and behavioral science. A book which I have read recently seems to fit in with this type of discussion. Blaming the Brain, by Eliot Valenstein, describes the major biological theories of mental illness and the lack of evidence we have to fully support them. What Valenstein argues is that we have come to a point where we accept all mental illness as purely biological in origin, and have discarded older ideas about social and psychological effects, rather then attempting to see how these two different types of explanations fit together. While some may argue that this shift has helped to significantly de-stigmatize mental illness, it also has caused a neglect of important factors which must play a role in these disorders. In 1999, in a report by the Surgeon General, it was stated that research into the biology of the brain is "a potent antidote to stigma," but it was also emphasized that psychotherapy not be forgotten as it sometimes plays a large role in recovery. Finding middle ground: Although we do not know all there is to know about disorders of the nervous system, I believe that it is very plausible that mental illness is mostly the result of disturbances in the nervous system. Although in extreme situtions, some claim things like, "it reduces a complex human activity to a slice of damaged brain tissue" (4). I wouldn't go this far to assume that this is all there is to it, although I also don't believe that all mental illnesses can fit into the same box. While s... ... fallacies of no-fault addiction http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/brynmawr_main?http_rc=400&class=session&sev=temp&type=session&cause=http%3A%2F%2Fweb7.infotrac.galegroup.com%2Fitw%2Finfomark%2F672%2F823%2F36248906w3%2Fpurl%3Drc1_EAIM_0_A53551866%26dyn%3D3!xrn_5_0_A53551866%3Fsw_aep%3Dbrynmawr_main&cont=&msg=No+Session+cookies&sserv=no 5)Schizophrenia http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/brynmawr_main?http_rc=400&class=session&sev=temp&type=session&cause=http%3A%2F%2Fweb7.infotrac.galegroup.com%2Fitw%2Finfomark%2F672%2F823%2F36248906w3%2Fpurl%3Drc1_EAIM_0_A53551866%26dyn%3D3!xrn_5_0_A53551866%3Fsw_aep%3Dbrynmawr_main&cont=&msg=No+Session+cookies&sserv=no 6) Scientists Call for End to Neurology-Psychiatry `Divide' http://mentalhealth.about.com/?once=true&rnk=r7&terms=neuroscience Valenstein, Eliot. (1998). Blaming the Brain. New York: The Free Press

Philippine Artifacts Essay

The Manunggul Jar is evidence of the spirituality of indigenous Filipinos. The Manunggul jar is cultural treasure found in the early 1960’s in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan which is classified as a secondary burial jar, which means that only the bones of the corpse are placed inside. It has an elaborate design consisting of scrolls and curves on the top cover and is painted with hematite – a type of mineral that produces red coloring once subjected to heat. However, the most remarkable part of the jar is its lid which features two souls sailing to the afterworld in a death boat. The figure at the rear is holding a steering paddle, although the blade of the paddle is missing. The one in front is believed to be the soul of the person whose remains are inside the jar, since it has its arms folded across its chest which was the usual position of a corpse being prepared for burial. It also seems like the figures are wearing cloth bands tied over the crowns of their heads, more evidence of indigenous burial practices in the Philippines. The burial jar which is unrivaled in Southeast Asia and considered as the work of a master potter, signifies the belief of early Filipinos in life after death. It is dated to the late Neolithic Period, about 890-710 B.C. Laguna Copperplate Inscription The Laguna Copperplate Inscription is the oldest written document ever found in the Philippines, and one of very few available artifacts of precolonial times. According to the inscription on the plate, it was written during the Saka era 822 (which translates to April 21, 900 CE). Portions of the inscription are in Malay, Javanese, and Tagalog, as well as Sanskrit, which is not part of the Southeast Asian linguistic group. The copperplate is now in the posession of the National Museum of the Philippines. Inscription The copperplate was a document from a chief of Tundun saying that he has pardoned a person named Namwaran of a debt of 1 kati and 8 suwarna (926.4 grams) of gold. The text has been translated as follows: â€Å"Long Live! Year of Siyaka 822, month of Waisaka, according to astronomy. The fourth day of the waning moon, Monday. On this occasion, Lady Angkatan, and her brother whose name is Buka, the children of the Honourable Namwaran, were awarded a document of complete pardon from the Commander in Chief of Tundun, represented by the Lord Minister of Pailah, Jayadewa. By this order, through the scribe, the Honourable Namwaran has been forgiven of all and is released from his debts and arrears of 1 katà ® and 8 suwarna before the Honourable Lord Minister of Puliran, Ka Sumuran by the authority of the Lord Minister of Pailah. Because of his faithful service as a subject of the Chief, the Honourable and widely renowned Lord Minister of Binwangan recognized all the living relatives of Namwaran who were claimed by the Chief of Dewata, represented by the Chief of Medang. Yes, therefore the living descendants of the Honourable Namwaran are forgiven, indeed, of any and all debts of the Honourable Namwaran to the Chief of Dewata. This, in any case, shall declare to whomever henceforth that on some future day should there be a man who claims that no release from the debt of the Honourable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Maitum Anthropomorphic Potteries In 1991, archeologists discovered anthropomorphic secondary burial jars in Ayub Cave, Pià ±ol. Maitum, Sarangani Province, in Mindanao, Philippines. Since this sensational finding, a number of archaeological excavations were conducted to recover these important artifacts. These excavation projects were either government or privately sponsored. These burial jars are made of earthenware and characterized by their design and form that looks like or suggests human figures with complete or partial facial characteristics. These are earthenware potteries with incisions and cut-out foot-rings. These humanlike forms were associated with metal implements like bracelets. Some jars are decorated with glass beads and shell scoop, spoon, and pendants. Among the anthropomorphic vessels are plain non-anthropomorphic burial jars. According to scientists, these secondary burial jars date back to the Metal Age. The artifacts were dated to 830 +/-60 B.P. (by a calibrated date of A.D. 70 to 370) and 1920 +/- 50 B.P. (by a calibrated date of 5 B.C. to 225 A.D.). Scientists determined the age of the jars by doing radiocarbon date tests on the soot samples taken from a small earthenware vessel. This small vessel was found inside one of the larger burial jar. Angono Petroglyphs The Angono Petroglyphs are 127 images carved into a wall of rock, and are estimated to date back to 3,000 BC. They were discovered in 1965 by Carlos â€Å"Botong† Francisco along the boundaries of Angono and Binangonan, Rizal. It is considered thye earliest prehistoric rock drawings. The site is a rock shelter or a shallow cave about 63 meters wide, 8 meters deep and 5 meters at its highest point. One hundred twenty seven human figures scattered on the wall were made by engraving lines using a piece of stone on the surface of the rock shelter. The cuts vary from ten centimeters down to faint lines figures. The figures consist of circular heads, with or without necks set on a rectangular or v-shaped body. The linear arms and legs are usually flexed. Some incisions on the rock wall are triangles, rectangles and circles. Rock art is closely linked with a system of belief of a particular group of people. It is symbolic, not decorative. According to Filipino anthropologist Jesus Peralta, â€Å"The engraved drawings are made without any reference to a baseline, suggesting that these were made during different points in time through a long period.†[ In 1996, the petroglyphs were included in the World Monuments Watch, drawing attention to the rock art’s conservation. Since their discovery, many of the carvings have been eroded, or destroyed by vandalism. Butuan Palaeograph The Butuan Palaeograph, also known as the Butuan Silver Strip is a piece of metal with inscriptions found in Butuan province in mid-1970s by a team of archaeologists from the National Museum. Treasure hunters who were looking for old ceramics and gold ornaments discovered this metal strip inside a wooden coffin. Coffins of the same characteristics, which dated back to the 14th and 15th centuries, were found in the site, however, according to Dr. Jesus Peralta, found inside were human fossils with artificially deformed skulls – a practice limited to Southern Philippines and unpopular in Luzon. Because of the similarities found between the coffins, it is reasonable for the archaeologists to assume that the latter came from that same era. But debates arose regarding the origin of the said artifact, but until now, it is considered to belong to Butuan where it was found. Dr. Boechari of Indonesia, said Peralta, identified the writings as very close to a Javanese script that existed from 12th to 15th century. This yet-to-be-decipher Butuan palaeograph is now in the hands of Proceso Gonzales, the city engineer of Butuan. Calatagan Pot The Calatagan Pot, excavated by treasure hunters in 1961, is considered to be the first pre-Spanish colonization artifact with traces of indigenous writing. Discovered at Calatagan, Batangas, the scripts are oriented in a left-to-right manner around the mouth of the pot which are separated by marks of five or seven symbols. Studies conducted in the Calatagan Pot arrived at a belief that its scripts is a form of Tanaga – a four-versed poetry with no rhyme – or a Mangyan Ambahan – a type of chanted poetry of seven syllables. The Butuan Ivory Seal Shown on the right is an ivory seal from Butuan. The upper representation is how a wax impression from the tool would look like. The lower view shows the face of the ivory seal except that it has been flipped (mirror image) to show the writing in its correct orientation. The combination of the positive impression and the negative but flipped view gives a better idea of what the writing looks like than either one alone. The ivory seal’s provenance is unknown to me. Antoon Postma reports that it was shown to him by Dr. Angel Bautista in 1990 at a conference in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. He says that the seal was in Bautista’s custody but does not know whether it belonged to the National Museum or not. The writing is stylized Kavi, each letter being fitted into an oblong box so that it appears distorted. Postma states that the script is similar to that on the inscription of Puh Serang near Kediri dated 1002. He further indicates that the writing says â€Å"Butban,† which presumably stands for â€Å"Butwan† or â€Å"Butuan† since band w are frequently interchangeable. If this is correct, the three symbols need to transliterate as bu, t-ba, and n. Although I am not very familiar with this specific variation of the script, I find it hard to see the medial form of u in the first symbol and the t-baligature in the second symbol. Balangay . The Balangay is the first wooden watercraft ever excavated in Southeast Asia. Also known as the Butuan boat, this artifact is an evidence of early Philippinecraftsmanship and their early attempts to venture in open waters. The balangay boats were discovered in the late 1970s in Butuan City, Agusan del Norte by archaeologists from the National Museum. There were actually nine balangays recovered in the province. The first balangay, now preserved and displayed in a site museum in Libertad, Butuan City, was radiocarbon tested and was dated at year 320. The second boat was dated to 1250, and is now located at the Maritime Hall of the National Museum in Manila. The third balangay was transferred to the Butuan Regional Museum and is still undergoing preservation. The six other boats, which are yet to be excavated, remain in their original waterlogged condition which is proven to be the best way to preserve the said artifacts. Bronze Socketed Adzes and Moulds Socketed adzes made from bronze are characteristic of the Early Metal Age. Bronze socketed adzes were found in Batu Puti and Uyaw Caves in Palawan; Sanga-Sanga in Tawi-Tawi; and Batangas. These tools were dated from 300 B.C. to 500 B.C. Clay molds for casting these bronze adzes recovered in the caves indicate that the people during that time reused damaged bronze implements for making socketed adzes. The present implement known as wasay (axe) in central Philippines could have come from the bronze socketed adze of the Early Metal Age. Stone and Shell Adzes Prehistoric man used ground and polished stone tools. It is believed that a stone adze shaped like an upper front incisor could be found where lightning hit a tree. Today, these stone implements are associated with thunder and lightning. Locally they are called ngipe’t duldug (thunder tooth), tango han linti (lightning tooth), and dila latik (light-ning tongue). The polished stone adzes that are oval in cross-section were made and used by the people during the Early Neolithic period. Ground stone tools typical of the ‘Quadrangular Adze Culture’ on the other hand, were found in a late Neolithic jar burial site. They are believed to be used for woodworking. These are small, ground and polished adzes of fine grained stones which are rectangular or trapezoidal in cross-section. The stone adzes were found in Arku Cave, in Penablanca, Cagayan; Duyung Cave in Palawan; Dimolit, Isabela; and Candaba, Pampanga.

Differences Between Home Cooked Meals And Fast Food

Outline In this essay I will discuss the similarities and differences between home cooked meals vs. fast food in terms of one being healthier, can eat both at home, cost, variety of choices, and speed. II. Healthier Home cooked meals Fast food III. Can eat both at home Home cooked meals Fast food IV. Cost Home cooked meals Fast food V. Variety of choices Home cooked meals Fast food VI. Speed Home cooked meals Fast food VII. As you can see from this discussion, home cooked meals and fast food have many similarities and differences, however people will continue to have their own opinion on which one they prefer. Susana Gomez Dr. Lee Ritscher English 101 9 July 2015 Home cooked meals vs. Fast food Most people tend to chose the easy route when it comes to their appetite; however, the easiest route may not be the one that’s necessarily the healthiest. Now a days people are not cooking as much and which is why fast food is becoming so popular. 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Factors That Should Be Considered When Determining The...

Factors that should be considered when determining the purpose of evaluation are: Formative evaluation and summative evaluation are the two factors that determine the purpose of educational evaluation (Glickman, Gordon, Ross-Gordon, 2014, p. 225). Robert Stakes says it best in his comment: â€Å"When the cook tastes the soup, that s formative: When the guests taste the soup, that s summative† (Billard, 2011). Just as a cook, evaluators are using formative evaluations to keep the program in balance, to improve the program, to eliminate distractions from goals and to reassure that the program follows the pre-established guidelines. Consequently, the evaluators are using the summative evaluations to determine if the programs are fulfilling their purpose; the sole outcome of summative evaluation is to keep the programs, to modify dramatically the programs or to terminate the programs (Glickman et al., 2014). 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How Birth Of A Nation Reinforced Antebellum Stereotypes...

How Birth of a Nation reinforced Antebellum Stereotypes about African-Americans In the early 1900s, the movie industry in America developed the atmosphere filled with racial and political medium, which later became a propaganda tool for selling of brute caricature. Many will recognize the films titled Birth of a Nation by D.W. Griffith, which was very historical since its technological innovation embraced or portrayed all the anti-Black caricatures, and other brutes. Sing Griffin was a Kentuckian, and someone who believed in the Southern values, he was sure, everything were embodied in The Clansman, a sentimental novel of Reconstruction that earlier appeared in 1905 and was very dramatic in the entire South. It was a dedication to his†¦show more content†¦This research paper attempts to help understand the manner in which The Birth of a Nation reinforced Antebellum Stereotypes about African-Americans. All through the considered silent period, Blacks in film were typically pigeonholed as toms or coons. Nonetheless, the savage still showed up, particularly in the uncommon, in movies of â€Å"all colored cast†. These movies were aimed at portraying women as lesser beings because they could be used as dancers or sex tools in the Antebellum South, or in present-day Harlem. Extensive consideration has been given to the commonness and diligence of generalizations of the blacks in America (Bates 661). Yet one of these recognized generalizations or stereotyping, the â€Å"abysmal mulatto,† has gotten quick consideration from researchers and social pundits of film and pop culture in the United States. The Birth of a Nation portrays a society that is truly bent in keeping up the rigid social limits, this exclusion is very tricky. It is true that most films during this period, tried to dissect the film’s political capacities and sociological effect as far as race, sex, an d class is concerned. The Birth of a Nation and the Rise of the Film Industry According to (Bates 665), â€Å"Cinematic society refers to the 20th century societal formation that recognizes itself via cinematic apparatus,† he points to the chief place that films hold in

Fdi- Boon or Bane Free Essays

string(38) " it will be worth an estimated US\$6\." FDI IN INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR ABSTRACT: The research paper aims to understand whether the FDI policy introduced in the Retail sector in India is a Boon or a Bane. The paper gives an outlook of the Indian Retail Sector, its growth trajectories and its contribution to the national GDP. It also entails in detail the policy of FDI in this sector and its various clauses. We will write a custom essay sample on Fdi- Boon or Bane or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paper, in the end, talks about the benefits of implementing the FDI policy, and also what disadvantages it possess. 1. OVERVIEW OF INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR Indian retail sector is the most booming sector in the Indian economy and largest sources of employment after agriculture. Trade or retailing is the single largest component of the services sector in terms of contribution to GDP. Its massive share of 14% is double the figure of the next largest broad economic activity in the sector. India is the second most attractive retail destination ‘globally from among thirty emergent markets. It has made India the cause of a good deal of excitement and the cynosure of many foreign eyes. With a contribution of 14% to the national GDP and employing 7% of the total workforce (only agriculture employs more) in the country, the retail industry is definitely one of the pillars of the Indian economy. It is undergoing a transitional phase to usher organized retail. The attitudinal shifts of the Indian consumers were in terms of â€Å"Choice Preference†, â€Å"Value for money’ and the emergence of organized retail format. The overall Indian retail sector is expected to rise to US $ 833 billion by 2013 and to US $ 1. 3 trillion by 2018. In line with the global developments in the retail industry, Indian retail is largely dominated by the unorganized retailers. It has witnessed a massive transition in the last decade. Of the total retail sales, the food and grocery segment constitute the major chunk. Growing in tandem with the economy is the Indian retail sector. The sector is on a high growth trajectory and is expected to grow by more than 27 per cent over the next 5 to 6 years. Initially it was predominately fragmented through the owner- run â€Å"Mom and Pop Outlets†. The change in lifestyle, education, travel and disposable income has changed the pattern of consumption. Customers are aware of their surroundings and developments. The awareness was created through the advent of technology such as television, cable and satellite channels. They are accustomed to the organized retail format. Understanding the pulse or trend of the market the large corporate groups like ITC, Reliance, Tata, Rahejia and others are infusing staggering amounts of capital into organized retail sector. The Cardiovascular System iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/the-cardiovascular-system-intrinsic-conduction-system/embed/#?secret=u0WTJVCBYX" data-secret="u0WTJVCBYX" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;The Cardiovascular System#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Some of the leading Indian retailers who had tapped this market were Bata India Ltd, Big Bazaar, Crossword, Ebony Retail Holdings Ltd. , Food Bazaar, Globus Stores Pvt. Ltd. , Liberty shoes Ltd. , Music World Entertainment Ltd. , Pantaloon Retail India Ltd. , Shoppers Stop, Subhiksha, Titan Industries, Trent, Benetton, Addidas, Reebok, Levis, Diary Farm, KFC, Metro, WalMart, Marks Spencer’s etc are some of the popular global retail brands that have set up retail business in India. The organized retail sector comes with the concept of malls, supermarkets and department stores. Like Subhiksha, Marks Spencer’s, Oberon etc it gives a different feeling and the environment of pick and choose from a variety of products. The modern retail formats are encouraging development of well-established and efficient supply chains in each segment ensuring efficient movement of goods from farms to kitchens, which will result in huge savings for the farmers as well as for the nation. The Government also stands to gain through more efficient collection of tax revenues. In the coming years it can be said that the hypermarket route will emerge as the most preferred format for international retailers stepping into the country. At present, there are 50 hypermarkets operated by four to five large retailers spread across 67 cities catering to a population of half-a-million or more. Estimates indicate that this sector will have the potential to absorb many more hypermarkets in the next four to five years. According to World Bank report, it is suggested to have an organized retail sector so that it is easy to have a direct control on the price mechanism and to control on the macro economic variables. Strengths 1. India attracted US$16. 9bn in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in 2006, according to the UN Conference on Trade and Development – a 153% year-on year increase. 2. A cheap, skilled, English-speaking workforce can do the jobs of Western workers for a fraction of the wages paid in North America or Europe. 3. Average annual GDP growth of 7. 7% is predicted by BMI through to 2016. With the population expected to increase from 1. 26bn in 2012 to 1. 32bn by 2016, GDP per capita is forecast to rise 77. % by the end of the forecast period, reaching US$2,980. 4. The value of the retail segment is expected to grow from an estimated INR22. 53trn (US$489. 80bn) in 2012 to INR27. 73trn (US$739. 56bn) by 2016. Weaknesses 1. The competitiveness of local firms is undermined by official red tape, from foreign investment restrictions to inflexible labor laws. 2. Intellectual property rights are poorly protected in India, one of 12 countries on the 2009 priority watch list com piled by the US Trade Representative. 3. The rural population of India represents more than 70% of the total, while almost 37% is classified as not economically active by the UN. This is a major obstacle for retailers seeking to rapidly expand their customer base. Opportunities 1. India could enhance the competitiveness of the local industry through further liberalization and deregulation. 2. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is eager to reform the banking sector to increase the availability of long-term financing, particularly for large infrastructure projects. 3. The value of the OTC drug sector is forecast to grow by more than 94% by 2016, when it will be worth an estimated US$6. You read "Fdi- Boon or Bane" in category "Papers" 58bn. Threats: 1. The arrival of Western players, including management consultancy Accenture and technology company IBM, is raising local wages in the outsourcing sector. 2. China remains a major competitor for FDI flows into India. India has excessive bureaucracy and poor infrastructure in comparison with China, which attracted US$60. 6bn of FDI in 2005. 3. International retailers are restricted by India’s strict FDI regulations. Single-brand retailers are able to own a 51% majority stake in a joint venture with a local partner, but multi-brand retailers must operate through a franchise or cash-and-carry wholesale model. 2. WHAT IS FDI Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more or voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital of the long term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of parameters. It usually involves participation in management joint-venture, transfer technology, and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or negative) and â€Å"stock of foreign direct investment† and outward foreign direct investment, which is the cumulative number for a given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares. FDI is one example of international factor movement. 3. FDI IN RETAIL: IT ALL BEGAN IN 2006 In 2006 the Indian government took the first step to promote organized retail in India by opening up single brand retailing to FDI. There are five entry routes through which the international players enter into the market, such as franchising, cash and carry wholesale trading, joint venture, manufacturing and distribution. Government of India permitted 100 per cent FDI in cash and carry wholesale formats through automatic route and up to 51 per cent FDI in single brand retail through Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). This rule made the international brand much easier to enter into the Indian retail market. Through this agreement Reebok, Nokia and Adidas entered the Indian market. However the franchising is one of the way through which small retailers embrace organized retailing through brand association where there’s a scope for leveraging business operations. The 100 per cent FDI permits for cash and carry has paved the way for retail giants like German Based Metro and US based Wal-Mart to set up their shops in India. Reliance Retail had made a tie up with UK based Marks Spencer to float an equal joint venture and this would scale up 1400 stores by the end of the next fiscal year. The benefits of FDI investment in the retail sector were: 1. It improves the quality in products and services because of higher competition 2. Improved the lifestyle 3. Economies of scale would help lower consumer prices and increase the purchasing power of the consumer 4. The technology upgraded the system in terms of logistics, production and distribution channels. It adds as a driver in the Supply Chain Management. . The FDI investment will help in flourishing and developing the retail segment. 6. It not only promotes tourism and would develop skills and manpower. 4. FDI NOW IN RETAIL India’s retailing industry is essentially owner manned small shops. In 2010, larger format convenience stores and supermarkets accounted for about 4 percent of the industry, and these were present only in large urban centers Unti l 2011, Indian central government denied foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail, forbidding foreign groups from any ownership in supermarkets, convenience stores or any retail outlets. Even single-brand retail was limited to 51% ownership and a bureaucratic process. In November 2011, India’s central government announced retail reforms for both multi-brand stores and single-brand stores. These market reforms paved the way for retail innovation and competition with multi-brand retailers such as  Walmart,  Carrefour  and  Tesco, as well single brand majors such as  IKEA, Nike, and  Apple. In January 2012, India approved reforms for single-brand stores welcoming anyone in the world to innovate in Indian retail market with 100% ownership, but imposed the requirement that the single brand retailer source 30 percent of its goods from India. Indian government continues the hold on retail reforms for multi-brand stores. On 14 September 2012, the government of India announced the opening of FDI in multi-brand retail, subject to approvals by individual states. This decision has been welcomed by economists and the markets, however has caused protests and an upheaval in India’s central government’s political coalition structure. On 20 September 2012, the Government of India formally notified the FDI reforms for single and multi brand retail, thereby making it effective under Indian law. On 7 December 2012, the Federal Government of India allowed 51% FDI in multi-brand retail in India. The Feds managed to get the approval of multi-brand retail in the parliament despite heavy uproar from the opposition. The government of Manmohan Singh, prime minister, announced on 24 November 2011 the following: * India will allow foreign groups to own up to 51 per cent in â€Å"multi-brand retailers†, as supermarkets are known in India, in the most radical pro-liberalisation reform passed by an Indian cabinet in years; * Single brand retailers, such as Apple and IKEA, can own 100 percent of their Indian stores, up from the previous cap of 51 percent; * Both multi-brand and single brand stores in India will have to source nearly a third of their goods from small and medium-sized Indian suppliers; * All multi-brand and single brand stores in India must confine their operations to 53-odd cities with a population over one million, out of some 7935 towns and cities in India. It is expected that these stores will now have full access to over 200 million urban consumers in India; * Multi-brand retailers must have a minimum investment of US$100 million with at least half of the amount invested in back end infrastructure, including cold chains, refrigeration, transportation, packing, sorting and processing to considerably reduce the post harvest losses and bring remunerative prices to farmers; * The opening of retail competition will be within India’s federal structure of government. In other words, the policy is an enabling legal framework for India. The states of India have the prerogative to accept it and implement it, or they can decide to not implement it if they so choose. Actual implementation of policy will be within the parameters of state laws and regulations. The opening of retail industry to global competition is expected to spur a retail rush to India. It has the potential to transform not only the retailing landscape but also the nation’s ailing infrastructure. A Wall Street Journal article claims that fresh investments in Indian organized retail will generate 10 million new jobs between 2012–2014, and about five to six million of them in logistics alone; even though the retail market is being opened to just 53 cities out of about 8000 towns and cities in India. It is expected to help tame stubbornly high inflation but is likely to be vehemently opposed by millions of small retailers, who see large foreign chains as a threat. The need to control food price inflation—averaging double-digit rises over several years—prompted the government to open the sector, analysts claim. Traders add huge mark-ups to farm prices, while offering little by way of technical support to help farmers boost their productivity, packaging technology, pushing up retail prices significantly. Big foreign retailers would provide an impetus for them to set up modern supply chains, with refrigerated vans, cold storage and more efficient logistics. Foreign chains can also bring in humongous logistical benefits and capital; the biggest beneficiary would be the small farmers who will be able to improve their productivity by selling directly to large organized players. 5. ADVANTAGES 1. Huge Market Size and a Fast Developing Economy India is the second largest country in the world just behind China in terms of population. Currently the total population is about 1. 2 billion. This huge population base automatically makes a huge market for the business operators to capture and also a major part of it is still can be considered as un-served or not yet been penetrated. Therefore FDI investors automatically get a huge market to capture and also ample opportunity to generate cash inflows at relatively quicker times. The economy of India is also moving at faster pace than most of the economy of the world and inhabitants of the country also obtaining purchasing power at the same rate. 2. Availability of Diversified Resources and Cheap Labor Force The huge advantage every company gets by investing in India is the availability of diversified resources. It is a country where different kinds of materials and technological resources are available. India is a huge country and has forest as well as mining and oil reserve as well. These are also coupled with availability of very cheap labor forces at almost every parts of the country. From Mumbai which is in the west to Bengal which is in the east there is ample opportunity to set up business venture and location and most importantly labor is available at low cost. 3. Increasing Improvement of Infrastructure A lot of research study in India finds out that historically the country fails to attract a significant amount of FDI mainly because of problems in infrastructure. But the scenario is changing. The Indian government has taken huge projects in transportation and energy sectors to improve the case. The projects for developing road transport is worth of $90 billion, for rail it has undertaken several projects each worth of $20 million and for ports and airports the value of development projects is around $ 80 billion. In addition the investment in energy development is worth of $ 167 billion and investment in nuclear energy development is outside that calculation. These huge investments are changing the investment climate in the country and investors will benefit hugely by that (Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, 2005; Dua Rasheed, 1998). 4. Public Private Partnerships Another significant advantage foreign investors experience in India today is the opportunities of PPP or Public private Partnership in different important sectors like energy, transportation, mining, oil industry etc. It is advantageous in several ways as it has eliminated the traditional tirade barriers and also joint venture with government is risk free up to the great extent (GOI, 2007; IMF, 2005; Nagaraj, 2003). 5. IT Revolution and English Literacy Today the modern India considered being one of the global leaders in IT. India has developed its IT sectors immensely in last few years and as of today many leading firms outsource their IT tasks in India. Because of IT advancement the firm which will invest in India will get cheap information access and IT capabilities as Indian firms are global leader. Along with that Indian youth are energetic and very capable in English language which is obligatory in modern business conduction. This capability gives India an edge over others. Foreign firms also find it profitable and worthy investment by recruiting Indian HR (GOI, 2006; GOI, 2007; IMF, 2005; Lall, 2002). 6. Openness towards FDI Recently the Government of India has liberalized their policies in certain sectors, like Increase in the FDI limits in different sectors and also made the approval system far easier and accessible. Unlike the historical tradition, today for investing in India government approval do not require in the special cases of investing in various important sectors like energy, transportation, telecommunications etc (Economic Department, 2005; GOI, 2007; Nagaraj, 2003). . Regulatory Framework and Investment Protection In the process of accelerating FDI in the country the government of India has make the regulatory framework lot more flexible. Now a day’s foreign investors get different advantages of tax holiday, tax exemptions, exemption of service and central taxes. The government also opened few special economic zones and investors of those zones also get a lot of befits by investing money. Apart from that there are number of laws has been passed and executed for making the investments safe and secure for the foreign investors (IMF, 2005; Nagaraj, 2003; Planning Commission of India, 2002; World Bank, 2004). FDI can be a powerful catalyst to vigorous competition in the retail industry, due to the current scenario of low competition and poor productivity. FDI will help if farmers can bargain. Villages only know how to produce things. We have to tell them how to market their produce, how to do value addition. One of the things we have talked about a lot in the book is cooperative farming. In India, farmers have small holding but they form a cooperative, it becomes a large holding and then form a cooperative, it becomes a large holding and then the farmer has bargain power. FDI will accelerate retail market growth, providing more employment opportunities. It s a basic principle that creating competition in general is good for the market. But the doubt is that, since proper procurement and distribution system and the infrastructure is not fixed, how the rest will fall in place, when the giant retailers enter our market. Back-end procurement will still remain big problem. Sumita Kale, economi st, in his statement says that â€Å"the debate that by-introducing 51 percent FDI, a lot of money will flow out of the country is an old school of thought. Lots of our Indian companies are operating abroad and have successfully contributed to our economy. The bigger issue is that with benefits we might end up paying a price hence we must work on a reasonable solution. As mentioned earlier the farmer will benefit from FDI as they will be able to get better prices for their produce. The elimination of the intermediate channels in that procurement process will lead to reduction of prices for consumers. Foreign brand will promote healthy completion in market. Every time the government brings up the subject of FDI, the domestic retailers with the support of some politician jump to lobby against the bill. As the government initializing the FDI, there is bound to be some problems, which can definitely be resolved. The government in near future can appoint a regulating body to monitor the retail sector just like other sectors. There will be lot of man power requirement when FDI starts, logistic demands will be more, and people to serve in these stores will get jobs. Managerial positions will open up. Technological requirements and software developments will increase based on the Indian market software needs will be changed. Infrastructure and building constructions will take place. The living conditions will change, good roads will come up. There will be good flow of money that flows these are major benefits of FDI. 6. DISADVANTAGES Customers feel that retail stores offer better deals, but they don’t realize that they end up paying and buying more than what is required. If 51 percent FDI is allowed in multi brand, it will teach the local retailers about real competition and help in ensuring that they give better service to Indian consumers. It is obviously good for local completion and there are no consequences of our local kirana shops disappearing. The Kirana stores operate in a different environment catering to certain set of customers and they will continue to find new ways to retain them. Kirana stores are convinced that stores all big stores will be set up far away from the city and the travel time in India will not help us to go often and buy things from these large stores. Large store buying will help only in bulk purchases. So there is no need to fear about the FDI investment in this context. Investing in India definitely has some negative sides as well. Most noticeably India considered as a huge market but a major portion of that is a lower and middle class person who still suffers from budget shortage. The infrastructure of the country also needs to be improved a lot and already it is under huge strain. There are also problems exists in the power demand shortfall, port traffic capacity mismatch, poor road conditions deal with an inefficient and sometimes still slow-moving bureaucracy. The huge market in India is an advantage but it is also very diverse in nature. India has 17 official languages, 6 major religions, and ethnic diversity as wide as all of Europe. This makes the tasks difficult for the companies to make appropriate product or service portfolio. India is not a member of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes also not of the New York Convention of 1958. That make life bit difficult for the foreign investors. India still has a heavy regulation burden among other countries, for example the time taken to start business or to register a property is higher in India. Similarly, indirect taxes, entry-exit barriers and import duties have been major disadvantages (Nagaraj, 2003; Planning Commission of India, 2002; USITC, 2007; World Bank, 2004). KEYWORDS: Retail, FDI, SME, Multi-brand, Single-brand REFERENCES: 1) Amanpreet Kang. (2012). Evaluating Effects of FDI In Developing Economies: The Curious Case of Pharmaceutical Companies. ABS, Amity University Rajasthan (ISSN 2230 7230) 2) Anonymous. (11 Feb, 2008;). FDI reforms. Business Asia. 3) Anu Antony. (July – December 2009). The Transitional Shift Of Indian Market Space And FDI In Retail. Globsyn Management Journal. 4) Dr Surender Kumar Gupta. (Feb 2012). FDI and Indian Retail Sector-The Path Ahead. International Journal of Marketing and Technology (ISSN: 2249 1058). 5) Prof. G. V. Bhavani Prasad, E. Hari Prasad Sharma (June 2012). 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The Economic Times. 13) Sen, Amiti. (26 Mar 2012). FDI in retail: Local sourcing seems to work well in multi-brand retail, but not in single brands. The Economic Times. 14) Anonymous. (11 July 2012). FDI in single-brand retail: No policy change, DIPP to put IKEA’s concerns in FIPB court. The Economic Times. 15) Accord Fintech. (28 Jan 2012). SME’s support FDI in multi brand retail: CII Survey. The Economic Times. 16) Ghosal, Sutanuka; Srinivas, Nidhi Nath. (02 Dec 2011). FDI in India: Farmer bodies throw their weight behind retail FDI. The Economic Times. 17) www. ebsco. com 18) www. proquest. com How to cite Fdi- Boon or Bane, Papers